One.

At present, the popular fabrics in the world can be roughly divided into the following categories:

1. Cotton dyed fabrics (including yarn cards, straight satin, horizontal satin, plain cloth, thread card, half-line card, pyro, canvas, etc.)

2. Polyester-cotton fabrics (T/C 65/35), the main varieties are the same as cotton

3. Pure polyester fabrics (weaving by water jet and air jet looms)

4. Nylon spinning

5. Polyester and nylon blended

6. Polyester filament and cotton or polyester cotton interwoven

7. Polyester viscose wool type

8. Pure wool fabrics

9. Acrylic fabrics

10. Polypropylene, vinylon, viscose and other fabrics

11. Silk fabric

12. Special fabrics (flame retardant, anti-acid and alkali, oil and water repellent, Teflon, anti-ultraviolet, anti-infrared, coating, anti-static, memory finishing, etc.)

Two.

dyes are roughly as follows:

1. Shihlin Dyes: (Vat Dyes): Good color fastness, mainly used for dyeing cotton fabrics;

2. Reactive dyes: relatively complete chromatogram, good color fastness, mainly used for dyeing cotton fabrics;

3. Sulfur dyes: mainly used for dyeing cotton fabrics, mainly in black and grass green;

4. Direct dyes: the chromatogram is relatively complete, the dyeing method is simple, but the color fastness is poor;

5. Disperse dyes: good color fastness, complete chromatogram, mainly used for dyeing polyester, nylon spinning, etc., and the amount in the market is large;

6. Acid dyes (acid mordant, acid mordant dyes): mainly used for dyeing silk and nylon;

7. Cationic dyes; used in the dyeing of acrylic fabrics, and can also be used in the dyeing of modified polyester fabrics, with bright colors;

8. Ice dyes (azo dyes): mainly used for dyeing cotton fabrics;

9. Coating: for dyeing and printing fabrics with poor fastness;

10. Fluorescent dye: has a fluorescent effect.

three.

The shade of fabric color is mainly divided by the amount of dye.

1. The amount of dye below 1% is light color

2. The amount of dye is 1-3% for neutral color

3. The amount of dye more than 3% is dark

Four.

In the dyeing process, our company mainly comes into contact with disperse, reactive, Shihlin, paint, fluorescent and other dyes. Disperse, reactive, and Shihlin dyes are the most common. For CVC flame-retardant fabrics, a large number of disperse/Shihlin or The dispersion/activation process is carried out. Dispersion/Shilin mainly refers to the dyed dark blue, gray, coffee, and brown; the dispersion/activation is mainly black, orange, orange, scarlet, national flag red, and rose red. The color fastness of Shihlin dyes is good. The color changes before and after flame retardant, but not very large. The color fastness of reactive dyes is also OK, but after a special flame retardant process, the color always changes more or less.

Most cotton dyeing is dyed with Shilin or reactive dyes and direct dyes. Shilin dyes are slightly more expensive, reactive dyes are cheaper, and direct dyes are the cheapest.

In flame retardant finishing, some additives such as flame retardant, ammonia gas and hydrogen peroxide will change the color of the fabric. The color change of the fabric dyed with Shihlin dye is smaller, but the color change of the fabric dyed with reactive and direct dyes will be larger. , Which direction the specific color changes depends on the type of dyes, performance and auxiliaries used in the dyeing process.

Fives.

dyeing is generally divided into three types; pad dyeing, jig dyeing, overflow dyeing, and the pre-treatment process is the same.

Grey cloth-singeing-desizing-washing-boiling-washing-rinsing (pickling)-mercerizing-drying-dyeing-stenting-flame retardant finishing-stenting-preshrinking-finished product inspection

The dyeing batch is generally used for pad dyeing; small batches are generally used for jig dyeing; overflow dyeing is mainly for polyester and polyester cotton fabrics. Polyester dyeing temperature is higher (130℃), and all cotton dyeing is normal temperature dyeing.

Six.

The main factors that affect the strength of cotton fabrics and polyester-cotton fabrics are as follows:

1. The cooking time is too long or the alkali concentration used during cooking is too high;

2. When bleaching, the amount of bleaching agent is too large or the stacking time is too long;

3. The color of the dyeing is not illuminated, and the strength of the cloth is reduced after the color is stripped and repaired;

4. After finishing the waterproofing agent, etc., the temperature is too high and the time is too long, which causes the strength to drop;

5. When the flame retardant finishes, the oxidation time is too long, and the temperature is too high to cause the strength to drop.

Seven.

The left, center, and right color difference during dyeing is mainly due to the following reasons:

1. Uneven pad dyeing and dyeing;

2. The pressure of the rollers is uneven on the left, middle, and right during pad dyeing;

3. Caused by different temperatures in the left, middle, and right sides of the baking or steaming box;

4. When mercerizing, the left, middle and right mercerizing effects are different;

5. The left, middle, and right materials are not evenly fed during curl dyeing;

6. ​​When padding flame retardant or oxidant, the left, middle and right moisture content is different;

7. In the pre-treatment process, the left, middle, and right cooking and bleaching are different, resulting in a difference in dyeing color;

8. When mercerizing, the barium value of left, middle and right mercerizing will cause chromatic aberration. In addition, there are many chromatic aberrations before and after the fabric is dyed.